How To Open A Business In The Uk As An Expat: A Step-By-Step Guide

The allure of establishing a new venture in the UK is undeniable, especially for expats who bring a tapestry of cultures and ideas. This guide on How to Open a Business in the UK as an Expat: A Step-by-Step Guide not only illuminates the path but also captures the essence of embarking on this exciting journey.

The narrative unfolds, offering insights into the vibrant business landscape awaiting those ready to embrace the challenges and rewards of entrepreneurship in a new land.

Expats in the UK find themselves in a dynamic environment rich with opportunities, yet navigating the complexities of starting a business can be daunting. This guide serves as a beacon, shedding light on everything from legal stipulations to marketing strategies, ensuring that potential business owners are well-equipped for success.

By exploring various business structures and funding avenues, expats can tailor their ventures to best fit their aspirations and the UK market.

Introduction to Opening a Business in the UK as an Expat

Starting a business in the UK as an expat can be a rewarding endeavor. The United Kingdom offers a robust and dynamic business environment, characterized by a stable economy, a rich history of entrepreneurship, and a welcoming attitude towards foreign investors and entrepreneurs.

For expats, understanding the landscape is crucial for navigating the initial stages of setting up a business.The UK is renowned for its diverse economy and strategic location, making it an attractive destination for business ventures. However, despite these advantages, expats may face challenges such as understanding local regulations, cultural differences, and the complexities of the UK’s tax system.

Conversely, the potential rewards include access to a wide market, extensive networks, and governmental support for startups.

Overview of the UK Business Landscape for Expats

The United Kingdom presents a favorable business environment for expats due to its well-established legal and financial systems. The country ranked high on the ease of doing business index, suggesting strong institutional support for businesses.

• The financial and professional services sectors are particularly strong, especially in London, which is considered a global financial hub.
• Technology and innovation sectors have seen rapid growth, with cities like Manchester and Cambridge becoming renowned for tech startups.
• The UK government offers various incentives and support programs for entrepreneurs, including tax reliefs and grants.

Benefits and Challenges of Starting a Business in the UK

While the UK offers many advantages to expat entrepreneurs, it’s crucial to balance these with an understanding of the potential challenges.

• Benefits:
  • Market Access:The UK provides access to both European and international markets, supported by strong trade agreements.
  • Innovation Support:There is significant support for innovation, particularly through research and development tax credits.
• Challenges:
  • Regulatory Complexity:Navigating UK business regulations can be complex, especially concerning employment laws and tax obligations.
  • Cultural Differences:Understanding and adapting to cultural nuances is essential for successful business operations.

Types of Businesses Popular Among Expats in the UK

Expats in the UK engage in various types of businesses, reflecting both personal expertise and market opportunities.

• Consultancy Services:Many expats leverage their previous professional experience to offer consultancy services across different sectors.
• Hospitality and Food Services:The UK’s diverse population creates demand for international cuisines and hospitality services, which many expats cater to.
• Technology Startups:With the UK’s emphasis on innovation, many expats venture into tech startups, focusing on areas like fintech, health tech, and e-commerce.
• Retail and E-commerce:Expats often find opportunities in online retail, capitalizing on the growing trend of digital shopping.

“The UK remains one of the world’s most attractive destinations for setting up a new business, particularly for expats seeking to tap into a dynamic and supportive economic environment.”

Legal Requirements for Expats

Opening a business in the UK as an expat comes with specific legal requirements that must be addressed to ensure compliance and successful establishment. From understanding visa regulations to managing tax obligations, these factors are crucial for a smooth setup and operation.Before starting a business, expats must familiarize themselves with the legal landscape to avoid any future complications.

This involves understanding the necessary documentation, legal obligations, and potential challenges faced by foreign entrepreneurs.

Visa and Residency Requirements for Expat Entrepreneurs

Securing the appropriate visa is a fundamental step for expat entrepreneurs wishing to start a business in the UK. The type of visa required depends on the business nature, investment level, and the entrepreneur’s specific circumstances.

• The Tier 1 (Investor) Visa: Suitable for those investing at least £2 million in the UK.
• The Innovator Visa: Designed for individuals with a viable business idea endorsed by an approved body and who can invest at least £50,000.
• The Start-up Visa: For aspiring entrepreneurs with a credible business plan endorsed by an approved body, without the need for initial investment funds.

Each visa category has specific residency requirements and conditions that must be met, including proving sufficient funds for maintenance and passing the English language proficiency test.

Tax Obligations for Expat Business Owners

Understanding tax obligations is essential for all business owners in the UK, including expats. This ensures compliance with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) regulations and prevents legal issues.

1. Registration for Corporation Tax: Once a limited company is set up, registration with HMRC for Corporation Tax is mandatory.
2. Value Added Tax (VAT): Businesses with a taxable turnover exceeding £85,000 must register for VAT.
3. Income Tax for Sole Traders: Expats operating as sole traders need to register for Self Assessment and file annual tax returns.

Expats must also consider double taxation treaties that the UK has with other countries, as these can affect tax obligations and potential reliefs available.

“Compliance with UK legal and tax regulations ensures a stable foundation for your business as an expat entrepreneur.”

Choosing the Right Business Structure

Starting a business in the UK as an expat requires making informed decisions, one of the most crucial being the choice of business structure. This decision impacts taxation, liability, and ease of setup, determining how your business will operate within the UK legal framework.

Understanding the distinct features of each business structure is essential for aligning them with your business goals and personal circumstances as an expat entrepreneur.The UK offers various business structures, each with unique characteristics and implications. Selecting the appropriate structure can influence your tax obligations, legal responsibilities, and administrative workload.

Below, we’ll explore the available options, helping you make an informed choice that aligns with your entrepreneurial vision.

Sole Trader

Being a sole trader is one of the simplest ways to start a business in the UK. This structure offers ease of setup and straightforward management, making it a popular choice among expats.

• Tax Implications: Income is taxed as personal income, and you must pay Class 2 and Class 4 National Insurance contributions.
• Liability: Unlimited personal liability, meaning your personal assets are at risk if the business incurs debts.
• Ease of Setup: Minimal paperwork and regulatory requirements, making it quick to establish.

Partnership

A partnership involves two or more individuals sharing ownership and responsibility for a business. It can be beneficial when collaborating with others.

• Tax Implications: Profits are shared between partners and taxed as personal income, similar to a sole trader.
• Liability: Partners share unlimited liability, potentially risking personal assets for business debts.
• Ease of Setup: Relatively simple, but requires a partnership agreement to define roles and responsibilities.

Limited Company

Setting up a limited company provides separation between personal and business finances, offering more protection to business owners.

• Tax Implications: Subject to corporation tax on profits, and directors/shareholders pay taxes on salaries and dividends.
• Liability: Limited liability protects personal assets from business debts, restricting loss to initial investment.
• Ease of Setup: Involves more complex registration and regulatory compliance compared to sole traders or partnerships.

Table: Business Structure Comparison

Understanding the differences between business structures is fundamental to making the best choice. The table below summarizes the tax implications, liability issues, and ease of setup for each business type.

Business Type	Tax Implications	Liability	Ease of Setup
Sole Trader	Personal income tax; National Insurance	Unlimited liability	Simplest
Partnership	Shared income tax; National Insurance	Unlimited liability	Simple with an agreement
Limited Company	Corporation tax; personal tax on dividends	Limited liability	More complex

Registering Your Business

Starting a business in the UK as an expat involves a crucial step: the official registration of your business. This process ensures that your business is recognized by the government and is legally permitted to operate. By registering your business, you establish credibility and gain access to resources and opportunities that are essential for growth and success.

This section provides a comprehensive guide on how to register your business in the UK, including the necessary documentation and some practical tips on choosing a suitable business name.

Step-by-Step Guide to Registering a Business in the UK

The process of registering a business in the UK can seem daunting, but breaking it down into clear steps can make it more manageable. Here’s how you can go about it:

1. Choose Your Business Structure:Before registration, decide on the structure that suits your business best, such as a sole trader, limited company, or partnership. Each has different implications for tax, liability, and administration.
2. Register with Companies House:If you’re setting up a limited company, you must register with Companies House. This can typically be done online, by post, or through an agent.
3. Register for Taxes:You need to register for Corporation Tax within three months of starting to do business. Additionally, consider whether you need to register for VAT or PAYE if you plan to hire employees.
4. Check Your Business Name:Ensure your chosen business name is unique and doesn’t infringe on existing trademarks. You can check name availability via the Companies House website.
5. Provide Required Information:During registration, you’ll need to provide specific details, including the company name, registered address, details of directors and shareholders, and share capital information.

Documents and Information Required for Registration

To successfully register your business, you’ll need to prepare certain documents and information. These include:

• Company Name and Address:The legal name of your company and its registered office address in the UK.
• Details of Directors and Secretary:Personal information of all directors and the company secretary, if applicable. This includes their full names, addresses, and nationality.
• Shareholder Details:Information on shareholders, including their names and the number of shares they own.
• Memorandum and Articles of Association:A legal statement signed by all initial shareholders or guarantors agreeing to form the company. It also includes the company’s rules and regulations.
• PSC Register:A register of ‘People with Significant Control’ over your company, detailing anyone with more than 25% of shares or voting rights.

Choosing a Business Name

Choosing an effective business name is more than just a creative exercise; it is a strategic step that can impact your brand identity and marketing efforts. Here’s why it matters:

“Your business name is your brand’s first impression and should resonate with your target audience while complying with legal requirements.”

When selecting a business name, consider the following tips:

• Ensure Uniqueness:Avoid names that are too similar to existing businesses to prevent confusion and potential legal issues.
• Reflect Your Brand:The name should capture the essence of your business and resonate with your target market.
• Check Domain Availability:In today’s digital age, having a corresponding web domain is crucial for your online presence.
• Consider Future Growth:Choose a name that allows for potential expansion into new products or services.
• Test Pronunciation and Ease of Spelling:The name should be easy to pronounce and spell to avoid alienating customers.

Financial Considerations and Funding Opportunities

Establishing a business in the UK as an expat involves navigating the financial landscape with care and strategy. Securing your financial foundation is crucial, from opening a business bank account to accessing available funding opportunities. This section delves into the essential financial steps an expat should take to successfully launch and grow their business in the UK.

Opening a UK Business Bank Account

Opening a business bank account in the UK as an expat involves several critical steps to ensure compliance and ease of operations. A business bank account is essential for managing finances, separating personal and business expenses, and establishing credibility with clients and partners.

Banks in the UK have specific requirements for expats, and understanding these can streamline the process.

• Gather required documentation: To open a business bank account, you need to provide proof of identity (such as a passport), proof of address (like a utility bill), business registration documents, and sometimes a business plan.
• Choose the right bank: Research various banks and their offerings. Consider their fees, online banking facilities, customer service, and additional services that might benefit your business.
• Schedule an appointment: Many UK banks require you to book an appointment to open a business account. Be prepared to discuss your business structure, anticipated turnover, and financial needs during this meeting.

Funding Options for Expats

There are several funding sources available to expats wishing to start a business in the UK. Knowing these options can ease the financial burden and provide necessary capital to establish and grow your business.

1. Government grants and loans: The UK government offers various schemes and loans to support small businesses, including Start Up Loans and Innovate UK grants.
2. Angel investors: Connect with angel investors who are interested in funding start-ups. They not only provide financial backing but also share valuable expertise and networks.
3. Venture capital: For businesses with high growth potential, venture capital is an option. These firms invest in exchange for equity and are more suitable for businesses with a scalable model.
4. Crowdfunding: Platforms like Kickstarter and Crowdcube allow you to pitch your business idea to a wide audience to raise funds, often in exchange for rewards or equity.

Creating a Financial Plan and Budget for the First Year

A well-crafted financial plan and budget is essential for navigating the first year of your business. This financial blueprint will help you manage cash flow, anticipate challenges, and ensure sustainable growth.

• Set realistic financial goals: Artikel your financial objectives for the first year, including expected revenue, profit margins, and expense management targets.
• Forecast revenue and expenses: Use historical data (if available) and market research to estimate potential revenue. Consider all operating expenses, including rent, utilities, marketing, and salaries.
• Monitor cash flow: Regularly track your cash flow to avoid shortages. A cash flow statement can help you identify trends and make informed decisions.
• Allocate resources wisely: Prioritize spending on essential activities that drive growth, and remain flexible to adjust the budget as needed.

“A good financial plan is a roadmap that shows us exactly how the choices we make today will affect our future.” — Alexa Von Tobel

Navigating the UK Tax System

Understanding the UK tax system is crucial for expat entrepreneurs looking to establish a successful business. The UK’s tax environment can be complex, but with careful planning and compliance, it can be navigated effectively to ensure your business thrives. This section provides insights into the key areas of tax registration, VAT implications, and available tax reliefs and incentives, helping you to make informed decisions and optimize your business operations.The UK’s well-regulated tax regime offers a transparent system but requires entrepreneurs to be diligent in adhering to tax regulations to avoid penalties.

Familiarity with the tax processes and available incentives can lead to significant benefits for expat businesses.

Tax Registration Process for New Businesses

Newly established businesses in the UK must register with the HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) to comply with tax obligations. This registration is essential for paying taxes, declaring profits, and ensuring legal operation within the UK. Below is a step-by-step process to guide you through tax registration:

• Registering as Self-Employed: If you are a sole trader, you need to register for Self Assessment and Class 2 National Insurance. This can be done online through the HMRC website.
• Incorporating a Company: For those forming a limited company, registration with Companies House is required. Once registered, HMRC will send a letter outlining your tax responsibilities.
• Notification of Commencement: Inform HMRC within three months of starting business activities to avoid penalties.
• PAYE Registration: If you hire employees, you need to set up a Pay As You Earn (PAYE) scheme to manage income tax and National Insurance contributions for your staff.

VAT and Its Implications for Expat Businesses

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a significant consideration for expat businesses in the UK. It is a consumption tax added to goods and services, impacting pricing and accounting procedures. Here’s what you need to know about VAT:

• VAT Registration Threshold: Businesses are required to register for VAT if their taxable turnover exceeds £85,000 within a 12-month period. Voluntary registration is also an option for businesses below this threshold.
• VAT Rates and Returns: The standard VAT rate is 20%, with reduced rates for certain goods and services. Registered businesses must submit quarterly VAT returns to HMRC.
• International Transactions: Expat businesses dealing with international trade should understand the VAT implications on imports and exports, ensuring compliance with both UK and international VAT laws.

Tax Reliefs and Incentives for Entrepreneurs

The UK government offers various tax reliefs and incentives to encourage entrepreneurship and business growth. These can significantly reduce the tax burden and support business development.

• Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS): Provides tax relief to investors who purchase shares in small, high-risk companies, making it easier for businesses to attract investment.
• Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credits: Encourages companies to innovate by providing relief on qualifying R&D expenditure.
• Annual Investment Allowance (AIA): Allows businesses to deduct the full value of qualifying plant and machinery items from their profits before tax, up to a set annual limit.

By effectively navigating the tax system, expat entrepreneurs can minimize liabilities and maximize the financial health of their businesses, promoting sustainable growth and success in the UK market.

Hiring Employees and Understanding Employment Law

Hiring employees in the UK as an expat business owner involves navigating a complex legal landscape. Understanding employment law is crucial to ensure compliance and to foster a productive work environment. This segment will provide insights into the legal requirements for hiring employees, the rights and obligations you hold as an employer, and effective recruitment strategies.

Legal Requirements for Hiring Employees in the UK

In the UK, several legal obligations must be fulfilled when hiring employees. These requirements are designed to protect both the employer and the employee, ensuring that work is performed in a fair and equitable manner.

• Employers must verify the legal working status of all employees. This typically involves checking their passport and any relevant visa documentation.
• Providing all employees with a written statement of employment particulars within two months of starting work is compulsory. This document should Artikel salary, working hours, and job responsibilities.
• Registration with HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is necessary to operate PAYE as part of payroll. This is essential for managing income tax and National Insurance contributions.

Employment Rights and Obligations for Expat Employers

Understanding employment rights is crucial for maintaining legal compliance and for creating a fair workplace. As an employer, you have certain obligations to your staff, which are protected under UK law.

• Employees are entitled to a safe working environment, free from discrimination and harassment. Employers must take proactive steps to ensure this.
• Expat employers must adhere to the National Minimum Wage Act, which governs the minimum hourly wage that can be paid to workers.
• The Working Time Regulations stipulate maximum working hours and mandatory rest periods. Employers should ensure their workforce complies with these limits to avoid legal repercussions.

Comparing Recruitment Strategies for Expat Businesses

Choosing the right recruitment strategy is vital for the success of your business. Expat businesses may face unique challenges, such as cultural differences and language barriers, which can affect recruitment.

Adopting a multi-channel approach can enhance recruitment outcomes by reaching a diverse candidate pool.

• Utilizing online job portals and professional networking sites can attract candidates with specific skills and global experience.
• Engaging recruitment agencies experienced in expat placements can streamline the hiring process and ensure that you find candidates who fit well within your organizational culture.
• Implementing referral programs can capitalize on current employees’ networks, providing access to candidates who may already have a connection to your business.

Hiring employees in the UK involves understanding and adhering to specific legal requirements. It is essential to ensure that your employment practices comply with UK law, protect employee rights, and utilize effective recruitment strategies to build a robust and capable workforce.

Marketing Your Business

To successfully establish a business as an expat in the UK, understanding the local market and effectively reaching your target audience are crucial components. Marketing plays a pivotal role in building brand awareness and driving sales. In this section, we will explore various marketing strategies tailored to the UK audience, ensuring your business gains the visibility it needs.A well-crafted marketing plan considers both traditional and digital channels, addressing the specific preferences and behaviors of the UK consumer.

Reaching out to your audience effectively involves selecting the right marketing methods that align with your brand and budget.

Effective Marketing Strategies for the UK Audience

To engage effectively with the UK market, a blend of both traditional and digital marketing strategies can be beneficial. Here’s a table illustrating different marketing methods, their costs, audience reach, and effectiveness:

Marketing Method	Cost	Audience Reach	Effectiveness
Social Media Advertising	Low to Medium	High	Highly Effective
Search Engine Optimization ()	Medium	High	Very Effective
Print Advertising	Medium to High	Medium	Moderately Effective
Networking Events	Low to Medium	Medium	Effective
Email Marketing	Low	High	Highly Effective

Utilizing these marketing methods can help your business establish a strong presence in the UK market. Each method has its strengths, with digital marketing often providing high reach and effective engagement at lower costs compared to traditional methods.

Leveraging Digital Marketing Channels

Digital marketing channels offer unmatched opportunities to target and engage with specific audience segments. Utilizing these channels effectively can significantly enhance your business’s visibility and customer base.

• Social Media Platforms: Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn allow for targeted advertising, reaching specific demographics and interests. Regularly updating content and engaging with followers can build a loyal community around your brand.
• Search Engine Optimization (): Optimizing your website for search engines increases visibility, attracting organic traffic. Focus on relevant s and quality content to improve your search engine rankings.
• Content Marketing: Providing valuable and informative content through blogs, videos, and infographics can position your business as an authority in your field, attracting and retaining customers.
• Email Campaigns: Regular newsletters and tailored email campaigns can maintain communication with customers, promoting new products and special offers. Personalization is key to increasing open and conversion rates.

Digital marketing channels not only enhance engagement but also provide analytical tools to measure the success of your campaigns, allowing for data-driven decision-making. By adapting your strategy based on these insights, you can optimize your marketing efforts to better meet the needs of the UK audience.

Compliance and Ongoing Responsibilities

Navigating the responsibilities of maintaining a business in the UK as an expat involves understanding various compliance and regulatory requirements. Proper adherence not only ensures legal operation but also fosters trust with stakeholders. This section Artikels the critical ongoing responsibilities for keeping your business both compliant and flourishing.

Ongoing Compliance Requirements

Once your business is up and running, it is crucial to adhere to various compliance requirements to maintain its legal standing and reputation. Key areas include:

• Filing annual accounts with Companies House if you’re running a limited company. This includes providing a comprehensive overview of your financial activities over the fiscal year.
• Submitting a corporation tax return annually if your business is liable for corporation tax. This necessitates accurate calculation and timely payments to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
• Ensuring VAT compliance if your business turnover surpasses the VAT threshold, which involves regular VAT returns.
• Meeting industry-specific regulations and standards, which may require additional certifications or inspections.

Managing Bookkeeping and Financial Records

Efficient financial management is foundational to business success and compliance. Maintaining accurate records helps in tracking business performance and meeting legal obligations. Key considerations include:

• Implementing a reliable accounting system, either software or hiring a professional accountant, to track income, expenses, and liabilities.
• Regularly reconciling bank statements against business records to ensure accuracy and detect discrepancies early.
• Storing financial documents securely for a minimum of six years, as required by HMRC, to facilitate audits or inquiries.

Staying Up-to-date with Legal Changes

The legal landscape for businesses is dynamic, with changes in regulations potentially impacting various aspects of operations. Staying informed can prevent legal pitfalls and provide competitive advantages. Consider the following methods:

• Subscribing to industry newsletters or joining business associations to receive updates on regulatory changes.
• Regularly consulting with legal advisors or compliance officers to evaluate the impact of new laws or regulations on your business.
• Participating in relevant workshops or seminars that focus on legal compliance and business management.

Proactive compliance management not only mitigates risks but can also uncover opportunities for business growth.

Utilizing Support Networks

Navigating the entrepreneurial landscape in a new country can be daunting for expat entrepreneurs. However, leveraging the right support networks can significantly ease the transition. In the UK, several organizations, both governmental and private, offer resources and support tailored to the unique needs of expat business owners.

These networks provide vital connections, guidance, and opportunities to help expats establish and grow their businesses successfully.

Identifying Support Networks and Resources

Support networks for expat entrepreneurs encompass a variety of organizations and initiatives that provide guidance, mentorship, and networking opportunities. Recognizing these resources can enhance your business operations and strategic decision-making.

• The British Chambers of Commerce: This network of accredited chambers can offer expats insights into local markets, as well as networking events and business advice.
• UK Trade & Investment (UKTI): As a government body, UKTI provides support services for international entrepreneurs, including market research and assistance in finding local partners.
• Enterprise Nation: This platform offers support for small businesses through events, webinars, and a membership community that includes expert advice and business tools.

Benefits of Expat Networking Groups

Expat networking groups offer numerous advantages to business owners. By joining these groups, entrepreneurs can connect with peers in similar situations, share experiences, and gain insights into overcoming common challenges.

• Peer Support: Networking groups provide a space for exchanging ideas and experiences, which can foster innovation and problem-solving.
• Collaborative Opportunities: These groups often facilitate partnerships and collaborations, which can lead to new business opportunities and growth.
• Cultural Understanding: Engaging with fellow expats aids in understanding cultural nuances and adapting to the UK business environment more effectively.

Government and Private Sector Support Initiatives

Numerous government and private sector initiatives are designed to assist expat entrepreneurs in the UK. These initiatives provide various forms of support, from financial assistance to business mentorship.

• Start-Up Loans: A government-backed initiative offering financial support and mentoring for new businesses. This scheme is available to expats who meet specific eligibility criteria.
• Innovate UK: As part of UK Research and Innovation, Innovate UK provides grants and funding for innovative projects, helping businesses to develop and commercialize innovative ideas.
• Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs): These partnerships between local authorities and businesses focus on driving economic growth and creating jobs, offering resources and support to new businesses.

“Networking is not about just connecting people. It’s about connecting people with people, people with ideas, and people with opportunities.”

Recognizing and utilizing these support networks and resources can be instrumental in the successful establishment and growth of your entrepreneurial venture in the UK. These connections not only provide practical support but also foster a sense of community and belonging in the business world.

Last Recap

In culmination, opening a business in the UK as an expat is a journey filled with learning and growth. This guide has explored the vital steps, from initial planning to ongoing responsibilities, ensuring that you are prepared at every stage.

Unlocking the potential of your business idea in the UK market means embracing both the challenges and the immense opportunities that lie ahead, and with this roadmap, you’re equipped to turn your entrepreneurial dreams into reality.

User Queries

Do I need a specific visa to start a business in the UK as an expat?

Yes, you will need a visa that permits you to start a business, such as a Start-up visa or an Innovator visa, depending on your circumstances and business plan.

What types of businesses are popular among expats in the UK?

Expats often venture into sectors like technology, food and beverage, retail, and consultancy services, leveraging their unique insights and experiences.

Are there specific tax obligations I should be aware of as an expat entrepreneur?

Expats must register for taxes, including VAT if applicable, and understand their obligations under UK tax law. It’s advisable to consult with a tax advisor familiar with both UK and international tax issues.

What support networks are available for expat entrepreneurs in the UK?

There are numerous support networks, including expat networking groups, business incubators, and government initiatives designed to assist expat entrepreneurs.